Z-scores serve a crucial role in Lean Six Sigma by providing a standardized measure of how far a data point resides from the mean. Essentially, they transform raw data into understandable units, allowing for effective analysis and problem-solving. A positive Z-score suggests a value above the mean, while a negative Z-score illustrates a value below

The Define phase of a Lean Six Sigma project establishes the groundwork for success. In this case study, we investigate how a manufacturing company employed the Define phase to identify inefficiencies in their production process. A cross-functional team was assembled consisting of representatives from different departments, including operations, q